Who it is for
CRA readiness for software manufacturers.
What the Cyber Resilience Act asks of companies that ship applications, operating systems, developer tooling and on-premise software to EU customers — and how to turn it into a repeatable operation rather than a one-off project.
The direct answer. If you develop software and make it available in the EU under your own name in the course of a commercial activity, you are generally a manufacturer of a product with digital elements under Regulation (EU) 2024/2847. Since 11 September 2026 that means reporting actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents under Article 14 — an early warning within 24 hours of awareness, a notification within 72 hours and a final report afterwards. From 11 December 2027 the essential requirements of Annex I, conformity assessment and CE marking apply as well.
The operational consequence is that every released version needs a known component inventory, every finding needs a recorded decision and every reportable event needs a rehearsed path to the ENISA single reporting platform. The sections below cover which software products are in scope, what must exist today, what changes in December 2027 and how the duties map to concrete workflows. Whether a specific offering is a product, a service or remote data processing is a question for your legal advisers; the scope guide lays out the questions they will work through.
Scope
Which of our software products are in scope?
Software products are products with digital elements. What varies is the category — and therefore the conformity route — not whether the essential requirements and reporting duties apply.
A product with digital elements is any software or hardware product and its remote data processing solutions, including components placed on the market separately. For a software company that covers installable applications, mobile apps, operating systems, firmware you ship to others, libraries and SDKs sold or licensed commercially, command-line tools, database engines and developer platforms. Free and open-source software developed outside a commercial activity is excluded, but a commercial product built on open source is fully in scope for the company that markets it.
Software delivered purely as a service is generally outside the definition — but the boundary is drawn by Article 3(2), not by your pricing model. Where a product you ship depends on processing you run at a distance to perform one of its functions, that remote data processing is part of the product. A desktop client with a mandatory sync back end, a mobile app that cannot authenticate without your cloud, or an on-premise agent that calls home for signatures are common examples where the cloud side is inside the product boundary.
Most software is a default product with self-assessment as the conformity route. Several categories that software companies build are listed in Annex III as important products, which changes the conformity route when the listed function is the product’s core functionality:
| Software category | Annex III class | Conformity route (from 11 December 2027) | Category page |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating systems | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | Operating systems under the CRA |
| Standalone and embedded browsers | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | Browsers under the CRA |
| Password managers | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | Password managers under the CRA |
| Anti-malware software | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | Anti-malware software under the CRA |
| Boot managers | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | Boot managers under the CRA |
| PKI and certificate issuance software | Class I | Harmonised standards or third-party assessment | PKI software under the CRA |
| Hypervisors and container runtimes | Class II | Third-party conformity assessment | Hypervisors and container runtimes under the CRA |
| All other software products | Default | Manufacturer self-assessment (Module A) | All Annex III and IV categories |
A product is classified by its core functionality, not by every feature it contains: an operating system that bundles a browser is classified as an operating system. The classification guide covers the reasoning; the categorisation itself is a decision your organisation records and your advisers confirm.
Reporting
What must be in place now that Article 14 reporting is in force?
The reporting duty has applied to every manufacturer since 11 September 2026, regardless of whether the rest of the regulation applies to a given product yet.
Two events are reportable: an actively exploited vulnerability in your product, and a severe incident having an impact on the security of the product. Awareness starts the clock. A software company therefore needs an internal rule for what awareness means — a confirmed customer report, a CISA KEV listing that names a component you ship in an exploitable configuration, exploitation observed in telemetry — and a named person who records the timestamp with its timezone.
The stages are fixed. An early warning within 24 hours of awareness states that an exploited vulnerability or severe incident exists and whether malicious acts are suspected. A notification within 72 hours adds general product information, the nature of the vulnerability or incident, an initial assessment and any corrective or mitigating measures. The final report for an actively exploited vulnerability is due no later than 14 days after a corrective or mitigating measure is available; for a severe incident it is due within one month after the 72-hour notification. Notifications go to ENISA and the coordinator CSIRT through the single reporting platform. Vellaci prepares the content and records the submission; your organisation submits.
- An assigned representative with access to the ENISA reporting platform and a deputy, named in the reporting runbook.
- A reportability review that distinguishes a critical-severity finding from an actively exploited one, with the reviewer, rationale and timestamp recorded — including for “not reportable” decisions.
- A release-to-component map so you can tell within minutes which shipped versions contain the affected component.
- A rehearsed drill of the 24-hour path, repeated quarterly, with the drill report kept as evidence.
The CRA Reporting Command Center runs those clocks from a human-confirmed awareness time, stages the three forms with prefilled facts and freezes each submitted revision. The Article 14 guide covers the legal text in detail.
December 2027
What changes on 11 December 2027?
Full application: essential requirements, conformity assessment, CE marking, technical documentation and the support period.
From 11 December 2027, software placed on the EU market must meet the essential requirements of Annex I. Part I addresses product properties: no known exploitable vulnerabilities at release, secure-by-default configuration, security updates that can be installed automatically with an opt-out, access control, encryption of data at rest and in transit, attack-surface minimisation and security logging. Part II addresses vulnerability handling for the whole support period: the SBOM, remediation without delay, regular testing, public disclosure of fixed vulnerabilities, a coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy, a contact address and secure, free-of-charge update distribution.
Each product needs a defined support period — at least five years unless the product is expected to be in use for a shorter time — during which security updates are provided. Technical documentation under Annex VII must exist before the product is placed on the market and be retained for ten years or the support period, whichever is longer. Products already on the market are not re-assessed unless substantially modified after that date, but their Article 14 duties apply today.
For software companies the practical work is mostly evidence: proving that the SBOM exists per release, that the update channel is authenticated and free, that the disclosure policy is published, that each release was tested and that decisions were made by named people. Penalties reach up to €15 million or 2.5 % of worldwide annual turnover for breaches of the essential requirements or the obligations in Articles 13 and 14. The support-period guide and the Annex VII guide go deeper.
Operations
How does this map to Vellaci workflows?
Software teams already have scanners, package managers and issue trackers. What is missing is the product-level record that connects them to shipped versions, decisions, deadlines and evidence.
Registry and classification. Each product is recorded with its lifecycle state, owners, support period and a classification decision with reasoning and approver — default, Class I or Class II — so the conformity route is explicit and reviewable.
SBOM per release. Generate CycloneDX or SPDX from your package manager or build pipeline and push it from CI through the REST API or CLI, or let the GitHub App import releases and dependency-graph SBOMs automatically. SBOM management keeps every document immutable and attached to its version, deduplicates components by package URL and matches them continuously against OSV, GitHub advisories, CISA KEV and EPSS.
Triage with reasons. Findings become decisions with a name on them: exploitability, VEX status, remediation owner and target version. An explicit CRA review asks the Article 14 question for each exploited finding rather than leaving it implicit in a severity score. See vulnerability management.
Incidents and reporting. Product-security incidents are separate records with explicit awareness timestamps and a reportability review. A confirmed reportable event opens a reporting case with server-computed 24-hour, 72-hour and final-report deadlines, staged forms and a recorded ENISA SRP submission with receipt.
Evidence and readiness. Policies, test reports, disclosure policy, release notes and drill reports live in a checksummed evidence vault linked to products and requirements; a weighted readiness framework shows what is missing per product; a hash-chained audit log lets an auditor reconstruct every decision. Plans start with a free Evaluation workspace — see pricing and which plan fits — and Vellaci Readiness configures the workspace with your team.
- We only sell software, no hardware. Does the CRA still apply to us?
- Generally yes. The Cyber Resilience Act applies to products with digital elements, and Article 3 defines that term to include software products placed on the EU market in the course of a commercial activity. A desktop application, a mobile app, an operating system, a database engine or a developer tool that customers install and run is a product with digital elements. Whether a specific offering is a product or a service is a determination for your legal advisers; the scope guide on this site walks through the questions they will ask.
- Our software is delivered as SaaS. Is that a product with digital elements?
- Pure software-as-a-service that customers only access remotely is generally not a product with digital elements. The exception is remote data processing as defined in Article 3(2): processing at a distance that the manufacturer designed and without which a product would lose one of its functions. That processing is treated as part of the product it serves. Many software companies have both: an installable client in scope and a cloud back end that the client depends on, which then falls within the product boundary.
- Does every release need its own SBOM?
- Annex I Part II requires manufacturers to identify and document vulnerabilities and components, including by drawing up a software bill of materials covering at least the top-level dependencies. Because the components change with each release, an SBOM per released version is the practical reading. Vellaci keeps every SBOM attached to the product version it describes and never rewrites an older document when a newer one arrives.
- We already publish security advisories and CVEs. Is that Article 14 reporting?
- No. Public disclosure of fixed vulnerabilities is a separate duty under Annex I Part II. Article 14 reporting is a notification to ENISA and the coordinator CSIRT through the single reporting platform, triggered by awareness of an actively exploited vulnerability in your product or a severe incident affecting its security, with an early warning within 24 hours and a notification within 72 hours. Your advisory process feeds it but does not replace it.
- Does Vellaci make our software CRA compliant?
- No software can. Vellaci gives your team the operational system: product registry, SBOM per version, vulnerability intelligence, triage with recorded reasons, incidents with awareness timestamps, the Article 14 reporting workflow and an evidence vault with a hash-chained audit log. Conformity decisions, notified-body engagement and official submissions remain yours; Vellaci does not certify conformity and does not submit to ENISA on your behalf.
Last reviewed 13 September 2026 · Operational guidance, not legal advice.
Read next
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SBOM guide for the CRA: formats, minimum content and operations
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- Guide
Open source and the CRA: stewards, commercial manufacturers and upstream duties
When open-source software is in scope of the Cyber Resilience Act, what the light-touch regime for open-source software stewards in Article 24 requires, and what commercial manufacturers who integrate open source must do under Article 13.
Find out where your software portfolio stands.
A preliminary scope and gap assessment in about eight minutes, then a 20-minute readiness review with a Vellaci operator if you want one.